In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on male and female sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression. We compared levels of transcription between males and females, and between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis. Our results from the green anole build on data from mammals, fruit flies, and nematodes, supporting the hypothesis that chromosome-wide dosage compensation may be a universal feature of XX/XY sex determination systems.